The Ring: An Interdisciplinary International Journal
Journal Name: The Ring : An Interdisciplinary International Journal ISSN: 0035-5429 2083-3520 Subject area: Multidisciplinary UGC CARE Journal Publisher: MBS Research Impact Factor: 7.112 Frequency: Monthly Editor in Chief: Prof. Dr hab. Przemysław Busse Kindly email your paper on :mbsresearchp@gmail.com
Fiscal Deficit, Government Expenditure and Economic Growth in India: A Comparative Analysis using ARDL and NARDL Approach
The relationship between fiscal deficit and economic growth is a critical issue in macroeconomic policy, particularly in developing economies like India, where fiscal interventions play a significant role in economic stabilization. While fiscal deficits may support growth through demand stimulation, their long-term effects depend on the composition of expenditure. This study examines the impact of fiscal deficit on economic growth in India by incorporating developmental and non-developmental expenditure within a unified framework. The analysis is based on annual data from 1980–81 to 2021–22. To capture both linear and nonlinear dynamics, the study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) models. The results from the ARDL model confirm a long-run relationship among the variables; however, the impact of fiscal deficit on economic growth is statistically insignificant under the linear specification. In contrast, the NARDL model reveals significant asymmetric effects, indicating that the impact of fiscal deficit varies depending on its direction. Fiscal expansion negatively affects growth, while fiscal consolidation exerts a stronger contractionary impact.
Prakhar Pandey, Rajnish Pande, Amit Melkhani
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सतनामी व 1672 में औरंगजेब के विरुद्ध आत्म सम्मान की लड़ाई एवं वर्तमान स्थिति
सतनाम सत (सत्य) और नाम (ईश्वर का नाम)। जो लोग सत्य को ही ईश्वर मानते हैं और उसी की उपासना करते हैं, वह सतनामी माने जाते हैं। सतनाम विचारधारा का विकास भक्ति आंदोलन के निर्गुण विचारधारा से हुआ है। 01) यह ईश्वर को निराकार मानते हैं। 02) यह मूर्ति पूजा की अपेक्षा नाम सिमरन और भक्ति को महत्व देते हैं । 03) यह विचारधारा बाहरी आडंबरों से हटकर सत्य, श्रद्धा, समानता और आंतरिक भक्ति पर जोर देती है। इनका मानना है कि ईश्वर बाहर नहीं बल्कि मन के अंदर है। कबीर जी ,नानक जी, रविदास जी भक्ति युग के संत हुए हैं। जिन्होंने 15वीं 16वीं शताब्दी में नए धार्मिक (सतनाम )रास्ते को बनाया। सतनाम विचारधारा, जो हिंदू धर्म व इस्लाम धर्म दोनों से अलग है। सतनामी विचारधारा की सरलता के कारण हिंदू धर्म व इस्लाम धर्म के अनुयाई इसमें शामिल हो रहे थे। भक्ति आंदोलन एक ऐसा आंदोलन था जिसने आध्यात्मिक ख्याति प्राप्त की ,यद्यपि इसमें ईश्वर के प्रति प्रेम और साधना का सिद्धांत मूल रूप से हिंदू था। यह विचारधारा इस्लामी प्रथ।ओ एवं विश्वासों से भी प्रभावित थी ! भक्ति आंदोलन के दो उद्देश्य रहे हैं-
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छात्रावासीय तथा अछात्रावासीय उच्च स्तरीय विद्यार्थियों की शैक्षिक उपलब्धियों तथा सामाजिक समायोजन का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन
शिक्षा व्यक्ति के जीवन में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाती है। यह एक सामाजिक प्रक्रिया है। यह मनुष्य के सामाजिक जीवन को सार्थक बनाने के लिए अत्यंत आवश्यक है। भारत की तरह विश्व की अन्य प्राचीन सभ्यताओं में भी प्रारंभ से ही शिक्षा को महत्वपूर्ण स्थान मिला है। बालक का व्यक्तिगत, मानसिक, शारीरिक, सामाजिक तथा संवेगात्मक विकास एक ऐसी प्रक्रिया है जो जीवन पर्यन्त सरिता के नीर की भाँति प्रवाहित होती रहती है। शिक्षा के अभाव में व्यक्ति पशु तुल्य माना जाता है। शिक्षा अनेक तत्वों को प्रभावित करती है तथा साथ ही शिक्षा भी अनेक तत्वों से प्रभावित होती है। शिक्षा किसी व्यक्ति को ‘वास्तविक मनुष्य’ बनाती है। शिक्षा की प्रक्रिया द्वारा व्यक्ति जीवन के लिए अनुकूल बन जाता है। शिक्षा व्यक्ति को आत्मनिर्भर तथा निःस्वार्थ बनाती है।
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Exploring the Influence of Domino's 30-Minute Delivery Guarantee and Ride-Hailing Innovations on the Rise of Quick Commerce (Q-Commerce)
The objective of this research is to analyze the historical and technological roots of Quick Commerce (Q-Commerce) through an analysis of the evolution of its operational and infrastructural setup. It seeks to explore how the time-bound delivery service offered by Domino’s Pizza and the digital logistics system of ride-sharing services such as Uber and Ola influenced the development of the current hyperlocal rapid delivery systems. The research methodology is qualitative and exploratory, using only secondary sources of data, which include peer-reviewed articles, industry reports, corporate studies, official government publications, and news archives. A comparative and historical analysis approach is used to assess three key aspects: (1) speed-based service offerings, (2) technological infrastructure, such as real-time tracking and dynamic routing algorithms, and (3) scalability in urban logistics infrastructure. The results show that the development of Q-Commerce was the result of the integration of operational legacy and data-driven platform innovation, rather than a discrete innovation in its own right. The consumer expectation of rapid delivery was set by Domino’s, and the ride-sharing platforms introduced algorithmic optimization, orchestration, and real-time tracking. The combination of these factors made possible the creation of dark stores, hyper-local fulfillment networks, and scalable digital delivery platforms, which are the hallmarks of Q-Commerce companies. The research relies on secondary data and does not include primary empirical testing. Future studies may involve quantitative testing or cross-country analysis. In examining the development of Q-Commerce with a wider perspective, this study adds to the existing literature on the platform economy and digital logistics. This study provides a conceptual framework that identifies Q-Commerce as a consequence of the development of conventional operations and innovations in digital infrastructure.
Copyright (c) 2023 Journals The Ring: An Interdisciplinary International Journal https://mbsresearch.com/
CASTE, DISEASE AND HEALING: MARGINALIZED COMMUNITIES' ENCOUNTER WITH MEDICINE IN THE OUDH REGION (1900–1947)
This research explores the intersections of caste, illness and health practices among marginalized populations within the Oudh area of Colonial India between 1900 and 1947. Using colonial administrative documents, sanitary commission reports, vernacular print materials, and secondary historical literature the research will investigate how the colonial public health apparatus interacted with and frequently reinforced existing caste-based hierarchical structures. The research is arguing that Western biomedicine, as it was introduced and implemented by the British Colonial State in Oudh, was neither a value-neutral scientific endeavor nor a universally available public resource; instead, it was heavily influenced by caste, class and the political objectives of Empire. In addition to being disproportionately affected by epidemic diseases such as plague, cholera and malaria, due to both their occupation and residential segregation, marginalized communities, including Dalits (previously known as 'untouchables'), low-caste artisans and Muslim service castes also experienced compounding vulnerabilities of access to colonial medical services and interventions. These included social stigmatization, institutional neglect, and differential application of public health policies and practices. The research also investigates how marginalized communities have negotiated their exclusion from colonial medical services and interventions, using indigenous healing systems including local Ayurvedic practitioners (vaid) and Unani healers (hakim), and folk medicine traditions, which provided culturally relevant alternatives to a colonial medical system that too often viewed the lower-caste body as an object of surveillance, and not as a subject deserving of care. Finally, the research finds that the colonial medical experience in Oudh resulted in greater health inequities based on caste, which continue today in India.
Copyright (c) 2024 The Ring: An Interdisciplinary International Journal https://mbsresearch.com/
गोपाल कृष्ण गोखले के राजनीतिक विचारों का अध्ययन
गोपाल कृष्ण गोखले भारतीय राजनीति के उन उदारवादी नेताओं में अग्रणी थे, जिन्होंने संवैधानिक साधनों तथा आध्यात्मिक मूल्यों के समन्वय से राजनीति को एक नई दिशा प्रदान की। यह अध्ययन गोखले के राजनीतिक विचारों का व्यापक विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है, जिसमें ब्रिटिश उदारवाद में उनकी आस्था, संवैधानिक साधनों के प्रति प्रतिबद्धता, स्वशासन की अवधारणा, तात्कालिक माँगें तथा आध्यात्मिकता और नैतिकता के समन्वय पर उनके विचार शामिल हैं। गोखले ब्रिटिश शासन को भारत के लिए ईश्वरीय वरदान मानते हुए भी उसकी साम्राज्यवादी नीतियों के कटु आलोचक थे। उन्होंने प्रजातीय साम्राज्यवाद का विरोध करते हुए भारतीयों के साथ समानता के व्यवहार की माँग की। वे पाश्चात्य शिक्षा को मुक्तिदायिनी शक्ति मानते थे और उसके विस्तार के पक्षधर थे। उनके द्वारा स्थापित भारत सेवक समाज (1905) राष्ट्रीय एकता और आध्यात्मिक राष्ट्रवाद का प्रतीक बना।
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Influence of resistance training on muscle hypertrophy in young athletes
Resistance training is widely recognised as an effective stimulus for promoting skeletal muscle hypertrophy, yet its influence on young athletes remains a subject of ongoing scientific inquiry due to developmental and maturational considerations. This study examines the impact of structured resistance training programmes on muscle hypertrophy among young athletes, focusing on training variables such as intensity, volume, frequency, and progression. Drawing on empirical evidence, the research evaluates physiological adaptations including increases in muscle cross-sectional area, neuromuscular efficiency, and protein synthesis rates during adolescence. Particular attention is given to the interaction between growth-related hormonal changes and mechanical loading, which collectively modulate hypertrophic outcomes. The review also considers safety, supervision, and technique as critical moderating factors influencing training effectiveness in youth populations. Overall, the findings indicate that appropriately designed and periodised resistance training can significantly enhance muscle hypertrophy in young athletes, thereby improving strength, performance capacity, and long-term athletic development while minimising injury risk.
The Impact of Sports Participation on Adolescent Mental Health
Adolescence is a critical developmental phase characterized by rapid physical, emotional, and psychological changes. During this period, individuals are particularly vulnerable to mental health challenges such as stress, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and emotional instability. Sports participation has increasingly been recognized as a significant protective factor that contributes positively to adolescent mental health. This study explores the impact of sports involvement on psychological well-being, emotional regulation, social competence, and overall mental resilience among adolescents. Through an examination of existing literature and empirical findings, the research highlights how structured physical activity fosters emotional balance, cognitive development, self-confidence, and social integration. Participation in sports encourages teamwork, discipline, goal-setting, and stress management, which collectively enhance psychological stability. Moreover, sports engagement provides adolescents with constructive outlets for emotional expression and social interaction, reducing the risk of mental health disorders. The study emphasizes the role of educational institutions, families, and policymakers in promoting inclusive and accessible sports programs to support adolescent mental well-being. Ultimately, sports participation emerges as a powerful intervention strategy for fostering holistic development and sustainable mental health outcomes in young individuals.
Copyright (c) 2022 The Ring: An Interdisciplinary International Journal https://mbsresearch.com/
Peri-Urban Spaces: Urban Expansion, Emerging Threats, and Strategies for Resilience
Urban expansion into surrounding rural regions has increasingly become a major subject of inquiry because of its wide-ranging implications for communities, agricultural resources, and long-term sustainability. Driven by rising demand for housing, infrastructure, and commercial establishments, peri-urban processes convert agricultural land into urban uses. This outward growth imposes substantial costs on local inhabitants and generates complex effects on local economies, environmental systems, food security, and community livelihoods. As agricultural land is transformed, farmland becomes fragmented, arable soil declines, agricultural productivity weakens, and local food systems are undermined. Social disparities are also reinforced through peri-urbanization, since disadvantaged groups often face land dispossession and unequal access to resources. Agro-climatically suited farming systems are disrupted, and farmers are compelled to shift toward new practices such as cash cropping, crop diversification, and increased use of fertilizers and pesticides. These changes contribute to water contamination and broader environmental degradation, including rising pollution and biodiversity loss, thereby complicating sustainability across both rural and urban settings.
Entrepreneurship among Tribal Women: Challenges and Pathways to Empowerment
Entrepreneurship has increasingly been positioned as a critical instrument for inclusive economic development, particularly in developing countries where social inequalities intersect with economic marginalization. Within this framework, the entrepreneurial engagement of tribal women remains underexplored despite its transformative potential. This paper examines the relationship between traditional gender roles and entrepreneurship among women in tribal communities in India. It interrogates the widely held perception that tribal societies are inherently egalitarian and demonstrates that tribal women experience layered marginalization as women and as members of historically disadvantaged communities. Drawing upon qualitative research based on documentary analysis of academic literature, case studies, and socio-economic reports, the study investigates how gender norms, cultural practices, and structural barriers influence tribal women’s entrepreneurial participation. The analysis reveals that although tribal women actively contribute to household economies and local production systems, patriarchal norms, limited access to education, financial constraints, and infrastructural deficiencies significantly restrict their entrepreneurial mobility. At the same time, entrepreneurship offers a potential site of resistance, enabling some women to renegotiate established gender expectations and expand their decision-making power.
Indian English literature and the theme of migration
Indian English literature has emerged as a powerful medium for articulating the complex realities of migration, displacement, identity, and cultural negotiation in a globalized world. The theme of migration occupies a central place in this literary tradition, reflecting the historical, social, economic, and political forces that compel individuals and communities to move across geographical and cultural boundaries. Indian English writers explore both internal and international migration, portraying the emotional, psychological, and cultural challenges faced by migrants as they navigate new spaces and identities. Through narratives of exile, nostalgia, alienation, assimilation, and hybridity, these writers capture the fragmented yet dynamic nature of migrant experiences. Migration in Indian English literature is not merely a physical journey but also a metaphor for transformation, self-discovery, and redefinition of belonging. This study examines the development of Indian English literature in relation to migration, highlighting how writers portray the struggles, aspirations, and evolving identities of migrants, thereby contributing to a broader understanding of transnational and diasporic consciousness.
Effectiveness of AI-Powered Marketing Automation in Enhancing Customer Engagement
This study examines the effectiveness of AI-powered marketing automation in enhancing customer engagement within digital environments. Using a secondary research approach, the study analyses existing literature on AI-driven personalisation, predictive analytics, automated communication and customer interaction patterns. Findings indicate that AI significantly improves engagement by enabling faster responses, higher personalisation accuracy and consistent communication across touchpoints. AI tools also support proactive engagement by anticipating customer needs and delivering timely recommendations. However, the effectiveness of these systems is influenced by factors such as data quality, customer trust, organisational readiness and industry context. While AI enhances operational efficiency and interaction depth, challenges such as algorithmic bias, privacy concerns and lack of human empathy may limit its impact. Overall, the study highlights AI’s strong potential for strengthening customer–brand relationships when implemented strategically and ethically.
Copyright (c) 2025 The Ring: An Interdisciplinary International Journal https://mbsresearch.com/
Changing Trends in Physical Education Sciences
The aim of this paper is to identify the current trends and challenges in physical education and sports and based on these current challenges, future trends and challenges would be discussed. There are various factors which are diminishing the interest of students in physical education activities. Although the physical education is being taught as a part of curriculum in all the schools but lack of adequate time and trained teachers, good facilities are responsible for little interest in this field. The future challenges to make this field interesting involves an adequate curriculum, sufficient funds allotment for holding various competitions and role of technology to create awareness about the importance of physical activities and sports in our daily life. All these issues have been discussed in the present paper.
GENDER DISCRIMINATION AND POLICIES IN INDIA
The principle of gender equality is enshrined in the Indian Constitution in its Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles. The Constitution not only grants equality to women, but also empowers the State to adopt measures of positive discrimination in favour of women. Any kind of discrimination among the fellow human being is the worst kind of mental torture and subjecting this cruelty to half of our population is unbecoming of a nation. After independence constitution gave right to equality to all its citizens. But it remain on paper and even now after seventy three years gender discrimination is still part of our society ,our work place and even the judicial system. Women representation in our law makers is so feeble that they can hardly make any difference in real terms. So many steps were taken and policies were drawn in earlier years by the parliament to change the bias. It affected the representation at local governance like panchayats and urban governance but their presence at state assemblies and parliament remained merely a token representation. Woman reservation alone has not been found adequate because elected women leadership have been obstructed by variety of the socio-economic and political factors. The women who got leadership position, through reservation still have been working merely on directive of their family’s men folk with minor exceptions. Strong laws were made to make the work places gender sensitive and some success is achieved but there is still a long road ahead. Women reservation bill which is struck in parliament for almost two decades is very much a progressive step to achieve equality.
Facile Synthesis, and Antimicrobial activity of Imidazole derivatives by Zirconia NPs catalyst
Imidazole derivatives are considered potential chemical compounds that could be therapeutically effective against several harmful pathogenic microbes. In the present study substituted imidazoles via nano zirconia catalyzed multicomponent reaction of isatin derivatives with ammonium acetate and substituted indole-3- aldehydes has been developed. The synthesized imidazole derivatives were characterised using spectral and analytical data viz; nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) , IR and 13 CNMR. The results of antibacterial and antifungal and antioxidant activities showed that some of the synthesized compounds exhibited promising activities.
Perceptions of Islamic Finance among Muslim Women: Evidence from Sangli District, Western Maharashtra
This study examines how Muslim women in Western Maharashtra perceive Islamic finance, drawing on a survey of 400 Muslim women in Sangli District and insights from 25 scholarly sources. The research explores socio-cultural factors, religious beliefs, and socio-economic conditions that shape women’s financial literacy, decision-making, and attitudes towards Islamic financial practices. A stratified sampling approach captures diverse subgroups (urban/rural, working/non-working, various ages and education levels). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, ANOVA, correlation, and regression, while qualitative inputs were thematically analyzed. Findings indicate that respondents generally have moderate financial literacy and awareness of basic Islamic finance principles (e.g. zakat and avoidance of riba), but detailed knowledge (e.g. specific Islamic banking products) is limited. Socio-cultural norms and gender roles significantly influence financial participation: urban and working women show higher involvement in household financial planning than rural or non-working women. Statistical analyses confirm that education level, employment status, and exposure to Islamic financial knowledge positively correlate with both financial literacy and openness to Islamic finance. Conversely, traditional patriarchal norms and limited mobility constrain women’s financial agency. The study’s conceptual framework illustrates these dynamics and their impact on household economic well-being. The discussion situates these findings in the context of prior literature, highlighting consistent trends and unique regional nuances. This research contributes to understanding barriers and enablers for Muslim women’s financial empowerment, offering recommendations to enhance Islamic financial literacy and inclusion. Limitations (such as geographic scope and self-reported data) are noted, and directions for future research are proposed to generalize and deepen insights.
Apsara Najir Mujawar , Dr. Vishwas S. Pendse
REGULATORY CHALLENGES AND POLICY FRAMEWORKS IN FINTECH
Fintech has had an impact on business by enabling the development of improved services for both customers and corporations. However, fintech poses new issues for regu1ators, who are struggling to keep up with continuous growth of techno1ogy & ensuing disruption. Advancement of techno1ogy & laws in Fintech business has been uneven between industrialized and developing nations, creating several possibilities and difficulties. This study discusses regulatory issues and policy structures. This research contributed to literature by highlighting role of Fintech applications in increasing financial companies' competitive advantages, improving company efficiency through cost reduction & productivity enhancement, & thus increasing profitability, as well as improving quality of financial services & products offered to consumers.
Anjali Singh, Ruchi verma, Avantika Sharma
CHALLENGES FACED BY GIG WORKERS AND FREELANCERS DURING COVID-19
The unpredictable and unexpected breakout of COVID-19pandemic has an impact on economic health of numerous enterprises throughout the world. The purpose of this article is to objectively assess level of destruction faced by Indian gig workers and freelancers as a result of the epidemic restrictions. This research critically examines the unpredictability and unlawful behaviors of freelancers, as well as how gig workers in India are exploited on occasion as a result of their unemployed status. The report concisely outlined issues faced by Indian gig workers and freelancers at the start of the shutdown. The Economic Survey, 2020-21emphasizes rising importance of the gig economy in India amidst pandemic-induced lockdown, which has resulted in massive development in online retail market. Employers initiated layoffs & instead hired freelancers or flexi-staff to save overhead expenses. Many studies have been made to examine impact of current pandemic on economy & stock markets, but relatively few have focused on epidemic's impact on gig workers. The current study attempts to fill this gap by evaluating impact of COVID-19on gig workers and freelancers by determining whether an increase in new COVID-19 cases leads to an increase in number of gig workers in Indian economy, or whether it has a significant impact on gig workers & freelancers.
India’s Centenary Year of Independence 2047: The Dream of a Viksit Bharat
Viksit Bharat 2047 is a long-term national development vision of the Government of India, aimed at transforming the country into a self-reliant, prosperous, technologically advanced, and socially equitable developed nation by the year 2047, marking 100 years of independence. This vision is based on key pillars such as economic growth, technological innovation, social empowerment, agricultural advancement, quality education, universal access to healthcare services, and environmental sustainability. The Union Budget 2025–26 introduces multi-dimensional policy initiatives to achieve this goal—such as income tax reforms, measures to enhance agricultural productivity, support for MSMEs and start-ups, and significant investments in infrastructure. Placing youth, the poor, women, and farmers at the core of the policy framework, the vision of Viksit Bharat represents a decisive step toward holistic and inclusive development.
The Neuroscience Behind Musical Creativity and Improvisation
This study explores the neuroscientific foundations of musical creativity and improvisation, focusing on how cognition, emotion, and neural coordination converge to produce spontaneous artistic expression. Using insights from neuroimaging research, the study highlights the activation of key brain regions such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), auditory cortex, cerebellum, and limbic system during improvisational performance. The findings reveal that musical creativity involves a delicate balance between control and freedom—marked by decreased DLPFC activity (reduced self-monitoring) and increased mPFC activation (enhanced expressive flow). Emotional engagement, working memory, and empathy are shown to be integral to creative fluency, reflecting the interdependence of affective and cognitive processes. Moreover, long-term musical training enhances neural plasticity, motor coordination, and relaxed attentional states, enabling musicians to enter “flow” with greater ease. Comparisons between musicians and non-musicians underscore the transformative impact of training on brain efficiency and expressive capacity. Overall, the research emphasizes that musical improvisation is a dynamic interplay of thought, feeling, and neural adaptation—a holistic process rooted in the brain’s innate drive for creativity.
Copyright (c) 2021 The Ring: An Interdisciplinary International Journal https://mbsresearch.com/
Digital Activism And Its Influence On Social Movements
Digital activism has emerged as a transformative force reshaping how individuals and communities engage in social movements, advocacy, and political participation. By utilizing digital platforms such as social media, blogs, and online campaigns, activists can mobilize support, share information, and coordinate collective action across geographical and cultural boundaries. Movements like #MeToo, #BlackLivesMatter, and the Arab Spring demonstrate the power of digital communication in amplifying marginalized voices and pressuring institutions for reform. This study explores the influence of digital activism on the structure, strategy, and effectiveness of contemporary social movements, examining both its empowering and limiting dimensions. While digital tools enhance inclusivity, speed, and global reach, they also raise concerns regarding misinformation, surveillance, and superficial participation. Digital activism represents a double-edged phenomenon—simultaneously democratizing advocacy and challenging traditional frameworks of social mobilization in the digital age.
Dr. Suresh Kumar Duggal and Dr. Neetu Verma
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विद्वानों के अनुसार, पंडित विष्णु नारायण भातखंडे के शिष्य स्वर्गीय नारायण मोरेश्वर खरे ने सभी रागों को 30 रागांगों में विभाजित किया था। सभी रागों का सूक्ष्म अध्ययन करने के बाद, उन्होंने 30 स्वर समूहों का चयन किया: जैसे ग मा रे सा या मा गा रे सा आदि। इन मुख्य स्वर समूहों का नाम उस राग के नाम पर रखा गया जिसमें वे सबसे प्रमुख थे, उन्हें उसी राग के नाम से पुकारा जाता था। इस प्रणाली में, सभी रागों में तीस मुख्य राग प्रमुख माने जाते हैं।
Evaluating the Adequacy of Ecotourism Services in the Himalayan Regions of Rudraprayag, Uttarakhand
This study investigates the adequacy of ecotourism-related services and facilities in the Kedarnath, Madhyamaheshwar, and Tungnath regions of Rudraprayag district, Uttarakhand-areas known for their ecological significance and religious tourism. With growing tourist inflow in these Himalayan destinations, assessing infrastructure and service quality is critical to ensuring sustainable tourism development. Data were collected from 270 tourists through structured, closed-ended questionnaires using a 5-point Likert scale, and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Thirteen key variables related to physical, financial, communication, health, and tourism infrastructure were evaluated. The results show that all services were rated above the neutral threshold of satisfaction, indicating an overall perception of adequacy. High satisfaction was reported for information centers, sanitation, and transportation, while medical services and tour operator facilities scored relatively lower, suggesting specific areas for improvement. The findings support the hypothesis that current ecotourism services and facilities in the study area are adequate. The study highlights the need for targeted enhancements to improve tourist experiences and promote long-term, sustainable ecotourism development in rural Himalayan regions.
Arun Singh , Nandan Singh Bisht , Amit Melkani
A Brief Overview of Multi State Cooperative Society Act, 2002: Issues and Challenges
The cooperative movement in India has evolved significantly from its inception during the British colonial period to its current state as a critical component of the nation’s economic and social fabric. The primary aim of this research paper is to analyse the issues and challenges faced by the Multistate cooperative societies Act, 2002 and also focusing on their legislative and policy developments, successes, challenges, and the role they play in India’s socio-economic growth. The study traces the historical development of cooperatives, highlights key legislative acts, and assesses the challenges they continue to face in the modern era.
An analytical study on Krishnanagar, West Bengal, India from the view point of sustainable environment management
Rapid urbanization is the alarming trend for developing world. In country like India where urbanization may be defined as the gathering of people in a specific centre without even fulfilment of characteristics of economic engagement of people in secondary and tertiary sectors, urban centres play the mere role of service providing centres. Such kind of urban centres are specifically common for regions depending upon agro based economy. In present study such an agro based urban centre is been focussed. Krishnanagar, the district head quarter of Nadia District, within the state of West Bengal, India is chosen as the study area with an area of about 15.96sq km. This urban centre became significant in Bengal’s History since the beginning of 18th century with its socio-economic and cultural influence. Presently the centre observes a population density of almost 10,000/sq km causing impact on natural environment by compressing the areas under wetlands, pile of garbage, rising level of air pollution. Social environment of the centre is experiencing events like road-congestion, loss of cultural heritage. Urban growth in a sustainable manner integrates all the parameters of environment in a common thread. Present research work runs with the aim to prepare a sustained framework to maintain the holistic environment of this old urban centre based upon modern day GIS techniques along with thorough study of the changing phases of this heritage site.
A Critical Study of Sudha Murthy’s ‘Gently falls the Bakula’ in terms of women empowerment
Many Indian novelists attempted to reveal the genuine state of women and Indian society. We have seen that every facet of human existence was portrayed in Indian books. We are aware of how some of these books depicted Indian women's battle to establish their own identities, statuses, and positions inside their homes and in society at large. This research paper aims to examine Sudha Murthy's work ‘Gently Falls the Bakula’. She aims to inspire women to be strong and brave under trying circumstances. Reading her books is fascinating because she has braided together her personal experiences from her time working at Infosys, traveling, and interacting with people. the true state of women, including their hardships and struggles. Sudha Murthy's realistic fiction book ‘Gently Falls the Bakula ‘explores women's empowerment and deftly intertwines identity with self-discovery. The story closely tracks the journey of a female heroine who bravely asserts her rights and uniqueness while navigating the complexities of marriage and social expectations, asserting her rights and individuality. Murthy's moving portrayal highlights how social standards frequently restrict and impede a woman's personal development by illuminating the nuances of her battle to forge her identity beyond the traditional roles of wife, mother, and daughter. Murthy fervently supports women's empowerment and social equality, inspiring readers to consider the difficulties faced by women in their unrelenting quest for both personal fulfilment and equality.
Ms. Shalini Chaudhary, Prof. (Dr.) Gunjan Agarwal
Many Indian novelists attempted to reveal the genuine state of women and Indian society. We have seen that every facet of human existence was portrayed in Indian books. We are aware of how some of these books depicted Indian women's battle to establish their own identities, statuses, and positions inside their homes and in society at large. This research paper aims to examine Sudha Murthy's work ‘Gently Falls the Bakula’. She aims to inspire women to be strong and brave under trying circumstances. Reading her books is fascinating because she has braided together her personal experiences from her time working at Infosys, traveling, and interacting with people. the true state
Microplastic Pollution in Urban Waterways: Sources and Solutions
Microplastics have emerged as a pervasive pollutant in urban aquatic ecosystems. This research investigates the primary sources of microplastic contamination in metropolitan rivers, focusing on runoff, wastewater treatment plants, and consumer products. Sampling from five major cities reveals alarming concentrations of microplastics, with implications for biodiversity and human health. The paper proposes policy interventions and technological innovations, including filtration systems and biodegradable alternatives, to mitigate the crisis.
The Impact of Social Media on Adolescent Mental Health
This study explores the correlation between social media usage and mental health outcomes among adolescents aged 13–18. Drawing on survey data and psychological assessments, the research identifies patterns of anxiety, depression, and self-esteem linked to time spent on platforms like Instagram and TikTok. The paper also examines the role of algorithmic content delivery and peer comparison in shaping emotional well-being. Findings suggest a nuanced relationship, where both positive and negative effects are mediated by usage patterns and individual susceptibility.
Recent Trends in English literature in India
In this topic we are presenting Recent Trends of Study English in India, The study also evaluates the role of English studies with respect to the lack of teachers in English studies. As earlier all the renowned Indian Examination Bodies like—the Civil Service Examinations (CSE), Rajasthan Public Service Commission (RPSC) and University Grants Commission’s National Eligibility Test (UGC -NET) prepare the paper in native or Hindi language but gradually India Education System changed and the above mention exams are now held in both Hindi as well as in English Languages. Most of the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Indian School Certificate Examination (ICSE) running school implementing Oxford and Cambridge Curriculum for even junior class to establish English culture. This becomes one of the most recent trends of study English in India. English studies in India, now becoming 2 centuries older. Many authors publish excerpts of their books online for encouraging sales. Today, the habit of reading is decreasing. So the writers have got to keep up more to the tastes of audience and their fast paced lives. The audience needs maximum entertainment in minimum time and effort. However, the Indian English popular fiction portrays the tastes of Indian writers and hence can be analyzed as a cultural study material.