Libraries as Public Utilities: Rethinking Digital Access as a Civil Right

Abstract

As digital access becomes essential for education, employment, healthcare, and civic engagement, the persistent digital divide highlights systemic inequities in modern society. This paper explores the critical role of public libraries in addressing digital exclusion, proposing that libraries be redefined and supported as public utilities. Drawing on a review of scholarly literature, policy documents, and quantitative data, the study demonstrates how libraries already function as digital infrastructure—offering internet access, digital literacy training, device lending, and public trust in underserved communities. By framing digital access as a civil right and positioning libraries as civic utilities, the research calls for systemic policy integration, sustainable funding, and institutional recognition of libraries as frontline actors in the pursuit of digital equity. The findings highlight both the capabilities and limitations of libraries within the current public policy landscape, ultimately advocating for a rights-based, infrastructure-driven approach to digital inclusion.