International Journal of Research in Medical and Basic Sciences (IJRMBS)
ISSN: 2455-2569 (Online) Subject area: Medical and Basic Science UGC APPROVED JOURNAL Publisher: MBS Research Imapct Factor: 7.889 Frequency: Monthly Editor in Chief:Dr Kalvin Gerah Kindly email your paper on : mbsresearchp@gmail.com
NON-INVASIVE MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI ISOLATED FROM ANTRAL BIOPSIES OF DYSPEPTIC PATIENTS
This phenomenon of increased antibiotic resistance in infection management of H.pylori has grown in the last decade, inducing a dramatic decline in conventional regimen effectiveness. The causes of resistance are point mutations in bacterial DNA, which interfere with antibiotic mechanism of action, especially clarithromycin and levofloxacin. Therefore, international guidelines have recently discouraged their use in areas with a relevant resistance percentage, suggesting first-line schedules with expected high eradication rates, i.e., bismuth containing or non-bismuth quadruple therapies. These regimens require the daily assumption of a large number of tablets. Consequently, a complete adherence is expected only in subjects who may be motivated by the presence of major disorders. However, an incomplete adherence to antibiotic therapies may lead to resistance onset, since sub-inhibitory concentrations could stimulate the selection of resistant mutants. Of note, a recent meta-analysis suggests that susceptibility tests may be more useful for the choice of first than second-line or rescue treatment. Additionally, susceptibility guided therapy has been demonstrated to be highly effective and superior to empiric treatments by both meta-analyses and recent clinical studies. Conventional susceptibility test is represented by culture and antibiogram. However, the method is not available everywhere mainly for methodology-related factors and fails to detect hetero-resistances. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based, culture-free techniques on gastric biopsy samples are accurate in finding even minimal traces of genotypic resistant strains and hetero-resistant status by the identification of specific point mutations. The need for an invasive endoscopic procedure has been the most important limit to their spread. A further step has, moreover, been the detection of point mutations in bacterial DNA fecal samples. Few studies on clarithromycin susceptibility have shown an overall high sensitivity and specificity when compared with culture or PCR on gastric biopsies. On these bases, two commercial tests are now available although they have shown some controversial findings. A novel PCR method showed a full concordance between tissue and stool results in a preliminary experience. In conclusion, despite poor validation, there is increasing evidence of a potential availability of noninvasive investigations able to detect H. pylori resistances to antibiotics. These kinds of analysis are currently at a very early phase of development and caution should be paid about their clinical application. Only further studies aimed to evaluate their sensitivity and specificity will afford novel data for solid considerations. Nevertheless, noninvasive molecular tests may improve patient compliance, time/ cost of infection management and therapeutic outcome. Moreover, the potential risk of a future increase of resistance to quadruple regimens as a consequence of their use on large scale and incomplete patient adherence could be avoided.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Research in Medical and Basic Sciences (IJRMBS) https://mbsresearch.com/
ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF VANCOMYCIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, PRIYAGRAJ (UP).
Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of infections both in hospitals and communities worldwide and has demonstrated resistance to commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents. This Gram-positive bacterium, commonly found in the environment, is part of the natural flora of humans. Over 60% of healthy individuals carry S. aureus on their skin and mucous membranes, particularly in the upper respiratory tract.
Imtiyaz Wani1, Mohsin Amin2, Shafat Ahmed3
Cardiovascular Consequences of Obesity in Young Adults: A Physiological and Clinical Review​
Obesity during early adulthood triggers a complex interplay of autonomic, endothelial, inflammatory, and neurohormonal alterations that collectively heighten cardiovascular risk well before the onset of overt clinical disease. These physiological disruptions lead to increased arterial pressure, vascular stiffening, and modifications in myocardial repolarization, thereby predisposing individuals to subclinical cardiovascular dysfunction (Csige et al., 2018; Powell-Wiley et al., 2021). Evidence indicates that young adults with excess adiposity often exhibit measurable early markers of cardiovascular compromise, including reduced heart rate variability, prolonged corrected QT (QTc) intervals, impaired flow-mediated dilation, and increased carotid intima–media thickness each serving as a sensitive indicator of early vascular and autonomic impairment (Banerjee et al., 2022; Kumar et al., 2004; Patel et al., 2022; Shah et al., 2015).
A STUDY ON ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN PREGNANCY
During pregnancy, physiological adaptations occur in different systems of maternal body to cater to the needs ofthe growing fetus as well as to support the increasing metabolic demands of mother. The cardiovascular system also undergoes changes and these changes are reflected in the electrocardiogram .So, this study has been conducted with the aim to learn the electrocardiographic changes in pregnancy and to compare and analyze the electrocardiogram of pregnant women with the non-pregnant women. This was a comparative study of 30 pregnant women in the age group of 20-35 yrsand 30 non-pregnant women in the same age group .A 12 lead ECG of both pregnant and non-pregnant women were recorded using ECG machine and they were analyzed.RESULT- It has been observed that there was a statistically significant increase in heart rate, decrease in PR interval , decrease in QRS axis and an increase in corrected QT interval in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women. There was presence of Q wave in inferior leads III andaVF in pregnant women. The occurrence of Q wave in lead III was more frequent in pregnant women than non-pregnant women while only pregnant women showed Q wave in lead aVF.The occurrence of T wave abnormalities like flat T waves and inverted T waves in lead IIIwas more frequent in pregnant women than non-pregnant women.Also,there was statistically significant occurrence of inverted T wave in V2 in pregnant women.CONCLUSION-These physiological changes in the electrocardiogram of pregnant women must be taken into consideration while interpreting the ECGs for diagnosis of heart diseases in pregnancy.
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Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Ethanolic extract of Ophiorrhiza brunonis Rubiaceae
Copyright (c) 2017 Copyright (c)https://creativecommons.org/liceses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Urbanisation and Its Effects on Bird Migration Patterns
Urbanisation has emerged as a dominant global process reshaping natural ecosystems and influencing wildlife behavior, particularly avian migration. As cities expand through infrastructure development and population growth, they alter landscapes, climate, and ecological connectivity essential for migratory birds. This study explores the multifaceted effects of urbanisation on bird migration patterns, emphasizing habitat loss, artificial illumination, noise pollution, and temperature shifts. The rapid conversion of natural habitats into urban areas fragments traditional migratory routes and reduces the availability of critical stopover sites for rest and refueling. Artificial light at night (ALAN) and noise from traffic and industrial activities further disrupt orientation, communication, and physiological rhythms, leading to increased mortality and altered migration timing. Additionally, the urban heat island effect (UHI) accelerates local warming, advancing breeding and migration schedules, which can result in phenological mismatches with food availability. While some species display adaptive flexibility, many long-distance migrants are experiencing significant population declines due to combined anthropogenic pressures. The findings underscore the importance of integrating biodiversity-sensitive urban planning, establishing ecological corridors, and reducing light and noise pollution to sustain migratory bird populations. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for mitigating urban impacts and preserving the ecological balance that migratory birds maintain across interconnected ecosystems.
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Research in Medical and Basic Sciences (IJRMBS)
ETHNOBOTANICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL STUDY OF SOME SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS IN HARYANA
India has a rich abundance of medicinal plants and is remarkable in that these plants are used by all sections of people either straightforwardly as society remedies or in various indigenous systems of medicine or in a roundabout way in the pharmaceutical preparations of current medicine. The knowledge of medicinal plants has been gathered in many centuries based on various Indian systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha. WHO has listed more than 21000 plant species used far and wide for medicinal purposes? In India, about 2500 plant species are being used in indigenous systems of medicine. There are two types of sensitivity tests i.e., diffusion and dilution methods used to determine the antibacterial potential of the preparations of solvent extracts. Based on the diameter of the zone of diffusion (inhibition) method represents a qualitative test that designates the classification of bacterial species either sensitive or resistant on tested the sample of plant extract.
The Evolution of Language: A Neurobiological Perspective
Language is the unique power bestowed upon human being to represent and share unbounded thoughts. Its evolution is one of the most interesting and significant evolutionary events which has occurred in the last 5–10 million years, and indeed during the entire history of life on earth.Language has a long evolutionary history and is closely related to the brain, but what makes the human brain uniquely adapted to language is unclear. The regions of the brain that are involved in language in humans have similar analogues in apes and monkeys, and yet they do not use language.Given its central role in human behavior, and in human culture, it is unsurprising that the origin of language has been a topic of myth and speculation since before the beginning of history. It is assumed to be arising from three distinct but interacting adaptive systems: biological evolution, cultural transmission and individual learning.A biological understanding of language would surely entail a full understanding of how brains generate, represent and manipulate concepts and such a broad understanding of cognitive neuroscience remains a distant hope today to understand neurobiology of language & language development some pessimistically suggest it is forever beyond the reach of the human mind.
Occupational Stress Among Nurses in Private Hospitals: Patterns, Causes, and Consequences with Reference to Rajasthan
This review examines the patterns, determinants, and consequences of occupational stress among nurses in private hospital settings with specific reference to Rajasthan, India. Drawing on the Job Demand–Control and Effort–Reward Imbalance frameworks, it synthesizes evidence on key stressors, including workload, shift work, role conflict, organizational support deficits, and work–life imbalance. Documented outcomes span physiological, psychological, and behavioral domains, with implications for job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and quality of patient care. Sectoral and regional nuances pertinent to private hospitals in Rajasthan such as staffing models, institutional culture, and gendered role expectations are assessed alongside emerging Indian evidence indicating elevated stress and dissatisfaction among private-sector nurses in Western India. The review identifies gaps in region-specific and longitudinal evidence, limited gender-disaggregated analysis, and sparse evaluation of organizational interventions in Rajasthan’s private sector. It outlines an implementation agenda for evidence-based stress mitigation and proposes a research design tailored to Rajasthan to guide policy and hospital management reforms.
Candida Infections and Antifungal Activity of Natural Products on Its Virulence Factors: A Review
Candida infections, particularly candidemia, represent a significant and escalating global health challenge, marked by high incidence and mortality rates, especially among vulnerable populations. The clinical landscape is further complicated by a notable shift towards non-albicans Candida (NAC) species, many of which exhibit intrinsic or rapidly acquired resistance to conventional antifungal agents. These resistance mechanisms are diverse, ranging from efflux pump overexpression and target enzyme alterations to the formidable protective capabilities of biofilm formation. Concurrently, Candida species employ a sophisticated array of virulence factors, including morphological plasticity, adhesion, secreted hydrolytic enzymes, and intricate immune evasion strategies, all of which contribute to their pathogenicity and ability to persist in the host.
Neha Om Prakash Saini and Dr. Manish Sharma
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Research in Medical and Basic Sciences (IJRMBS)
Virulence Gene Profiles of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli: A Comparative Analysis of Pathotypes Isolated from Acute Diarrheal Patients
Diarrheal diseases continue to pose a significant global public health challenge, particularly affecting children under five years of age, and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Escherichia coli is recognized as a primary etiological agent of diarrhea, with various pathogenic strains collectively known as diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC). This research aimed to identify and comparatively analyze the virulence gene profiles of different DEC pathotypes isolated from acute diarrheal patients, thereby enhancing the understanding of their epidemiology and clinical significance. Stool samples collected from acute diarrheal patients were subjected to comprehensive molecular characterization using a multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay. This assay specifically targeted key virulence genes associated with the major DEC pathotypes, including enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC/STEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), and diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC).
Urbanisation and its effects on wildlife behaviour
Urbanisation is rapidly transforming natural landscapes into built environments, leading to profound consequences for wildlife behaviour and ecology. As cities expand, animals face habitat fragmentation, altered resource availability, and increased human interaction. This paper explores how urbanisation influences behavioural adaptations in wildlife, including changes in foraging strategies, activity patterns, social structures, and stress responses. While some species exhibit remarkable plasticity and thrive in urban settings, others struggle to cope, resulting in population declines or local extinctions. The study also highlights the emergence of novel behaviours, such as synanthropy and altered predator-prey dynamics, and discusses the ecological and evolutionary implications of these shifts. Understanding these behavioural changes is crucial for developing sustainable urban planning and conservation strategies that promote coexistence between humans and wildlife.
LEARNING STYLES AMONG NURSING STUDENTS IN SELECTED COLLEGE OF NURSING, BANGALORE.
The term “learning styles,” as used in the literature during the past 30 years or so, has labelled a very broad and relatively diffuse concept1. Educational researchers postulate that everyone has different learning styles3. Nursing students come from varied backgrounds and are expected to fit into a common style of learning. Nursing educators encounter a wide range of difficulties while teaching the students. A study was conducted to assess the learning styles among nursing students, by using VARK questionnaire. 269 students were recruited by using stratified random sampling. Results revealed that majority of the students prefer kinesthetic style of learning , with a mean of 7.673 and S.D 2.574, followed by aural learning preferred with mean of 6.643 and S.D 2.856. Among 269 students 240 students preferred single mode of learning style, 29 students preferred more than one learning styles
Mrs. N. Gayathiri1, Ms. Monica Rita Hendricks2, Mrs. Reena Menon3
NAPHAZOLINE NITRATE TREAT THE FREY EFFECT OF MICROWAVE AND OTHER SONIC WEAPON’S DAMAGES IN HUMAN’S INTERNAL, ENDOGENOUS ORGANS
State Department had evacuated a number of Americans from the U.S. consulate in Guangzhou, China after they experienced unexplained health issues. A group of U.S. diplomats stationed in China have been brought back to the states after being inflicted by a mystery illness that reportedly resembles the brain injuries previously suffered by staff in Cuba. At the end of the December 2018 we have found a medicine fully treating the damages caused the Frey Effect of Microvawe and other types of Sonic Weapons in Human’s internal, endogenous organs. I am proposing to use Naphasoline nitrate, (former) nasal decongestatnt, to treat Carcinogenesis of the Human’s internal, endogenous organs caused by Sonic Weapons through the release and cleaning of the Lymphatic ways in patients with colorectal, colon, pancreatic, breast, etc., cancer. I have proved this healing effect of the Naphazoline nitrate on Myself during treatment in last months of the year 2018.
EFFECTS OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS AND SELENIUM AND VITAMIN E INJECTION DURING TRANSITION PERIOD ON SERUMPROTEINS PARAMETERSIN CAMELS (CAMELUS DROMEDARIUS) REARED UNDER SEMI- INTENSIVE SYSTEM
The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of the physiological status and selenium (Se) and vitamin E (Vit. E) injection during the transition period (late pregnancy, at parturition and postpartum) on serum proteins parameters (total proteins, albumin, globulins and A/G ratio) in camels (Camelusdromedarius) reared under semi-intensive system. Twenty clinically healthy time-mated pregnant females of three local breed: Arabi, Kenani and Deali (age 7-11year, number of parities: 2-3) were used. The animals were divided into 2 equal groups (10 each), as control and treated group. The treated group was injected intramuscularly with 10 ml of a combination of Se + Vit. E (0.6 mg/ml of sodium selenite and 80 mg/ml of vitamin E acetate, LABORATORIOS CALIER, Spain) three times: one month before parturition, at parturition and one month postpartum. Jugularvenousblood samples were collected at the same time of the injection for the determination of serum total proteins and albumin and for the calculation of serum globulins concentration. During late pregnancy, serum total proteins correlated positively (P<0.05) to serum globulins of the control group.At parturition, serum total proteins correlated positively (P≤0.05) to serum albumin and globulins of both control and injected groups and to serum globulins of injected group only during the postpartum period (P<0.01). Intramuscular injection of Se + Vit. E during the transition period caused a significant (P˂0.05) increase in serum total proteins, albumin, globulins and A/G ratio. It was concluded that serum proteins parameters were influenced by the transition period.Intramuscular injection of Se + Vit. E during the transition period enhanced the intracellular antioxidant status, which reflected positively on the metabolic activity of female camels. The data can be utilized to improve health and productivity of female camels during the critical transition period that associated with physiological oxidative stress.
INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL AND HEALTH-BASED FACTORS ON THE IMMUNIZATION UPTAKE OF CHILDREN UNDER FIVE BY MOTHERS IN KALAGALA SUB-COUNTY
The article aims to describe the influence of Personal and Health-Based Factors on the Immunization uptake of children under five. The article is informed from the study that was done on factors related to the immunization uptake of children under five in Kalagala Sub-County Luweero District. A correlational research design was used during the study. Structured questionnaire was administered to 317 mothers as a sample of the study. Therefore, the article sums up that marital status, perceived safety of vaccine and time taken for the mother to be attended to by the health worker at the facility were significant predictors for immunization uptake by mothers (p < 0.05). Therefore, it is clear that perceived safety of the vaccine by the mothers was among the main factors influencing uptake of the immunization.
To formulate Spray Bandage to get good protective and therapeutic activities for a longer duration of time and form film which act as a protective barrier for open wound or another tropical disease. It is easy to use and apply by spraying directly on the affected area. It forms film within a few seconds and has good patient compliance. Curcumin is useful in various activities such as anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-arthritic, anti-amyloid, anti-inflammatory, bacterial infections, wound healing, and tissue repairing. Curcumin has low GI stability hence it is given through a topical drug delivery system for sustained release of the drug. In other words, a bandage film formed in situ on a skin surface by actuating a hydrophilic polymer and a low volatile plasticizer with the solvent system. They are commonly used to guard and prevent infection of topical abrasion and cut which exist in minor level. By changing the spray drug concentration, it can also be considered as a drug delivery film on the skin to the systemic circulation. Different spray devices were designed and evaluated with simulation, from simple ideas to complex device shapes. This article discusses the types and concentrations of polymers and excipient sprayer type’s evaluations and critical parameters in determining the spray ability and film forming spray. The review concludes that both natural and synthetic polymers that have in situ film or visco elastic property can be used to optimize topical drug delivery.
Shubham Sanap1, Sumedh Shivgan2, Puja G Vyawhare3, Dr. Rupali R. Tasgaonkar4
Flax seed (Linum usitatissimum) is a key source of phytochemicals in the functional food area. Flax seed oilseed crop which has gained importance due to its unique nutrient profile. Flax seed comprises high amount of fiber and is a significant source of a-linolenic acid in the diet of vegetarian people. It is evident from several studies conducted that flaxseed carries functional ingredients and provide health benefits. Omega-3 fatty acid, lignan and dietary fiber are major bioactive components of flaxseed which can be delivered through value added products. Commercially, all parts of flaxseed plant are exploited directly or after processing. Flaxseed consumption in the diet prevents serious diseases like coronary diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, obesity, gastrointestinal, post-menopausal, renal and bone disorders. Few review are available for commercial utilization of flaxseed in preparation of various value-added products (bakery, dairy, extruded, snack, fermented and other traditional).
Ms. Puja G. Vyawhare1, Mrs. Yogita M Vispute2, Ms. Shrutika Sawant3, Ms. Pratiksha Mane4, Mr. Siddhesh Bagad5
Parental Knowledge and Practice regarding the prevention of Domestic injuries among children under five in Ajman, UAE
Background: Domestic injuries remain a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in children under five globally. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the diverse cultural landscape and rapid urbanization present unique challenges for injury prevention. Research examining parental knowledge and practices regarding domestic injury prevention in the UAE context remains limited, necessitating targeted investigation to inform evidence-based interventions. Objectives: To assess parental knowledge and practice regarding the prevention of domestic Injuries among children, determine the association between parental knowledge and practice scores with selected demographic variables and correlate knowledge and practice. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at a selected hospital in Ajman, UAE, from May to June 2025. A convenience sampling technique was employed to recruit 153 parents of children under five years of age. Data collection utilized a validated questionnaire developed by Mahah et al. (2021) comprising demographic information, knowledge assessment (11 items), and practice evaluation (11 items). Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and Pearson's correlation analysis were employed for data analysis. Conclusion and Major Findings of the Study: Among 153 participants, 60.8% were mothers and 39.2% were fathers. A significant proportion (59.5%) reported past injuries in their children, with falls (30.7%), cuts (30.1%), and burns (21.6%) being most common. While 75.8% claimed first aid knowledge, only 50.3% had formal training. Critical knowledge gaps were identified: only 60.8% knew to use cold water for burns, while 12.4% would use potentially harmful remedies like toothpaste. Practice assessment revealed substantial gaps between theoretical knowledge and practical application, with only 16.3% knowing proper burn management steps and 15.7% understanding correct wound pressure application. Despite these deficits, 62.7% demonstrated high overall practice levels while 47% parents demonstrated good knowledge regarding prevention of domestic injuries among. A significant positive correlation was found between parental knowledge and practice scores (p < 0.05), indicating that increased knowledge leads to improved practical application.
Saif Omar Kitaz¹, Sneha Samuel¹, Maria Nafez Fares¹, Dr. Hosny M Sultan², Dr. Remya Pillai²
A STUDY ON SUBSTANCE ABUSE OF ADOLSCENTS IN THE SOUTH ZONE OF DELHI
Adolescence is a transitional stage of the human physical and psychological development. At this stage it offers opportunities for autonomy, intimacy, self esteem and competition. Adolescence is a period for experimentation and stating something new. This leads to a greater risk of this age group to substance abuse. It’s a world issue. They undergo a lot of peer pressure. There’s a Lack of social bonding, lack of low economic and social factors and family bonding with lesser parental and guidance. Adolescent boys are recognized as a vulnerable group to substance abuse. The present study has the objective to study the type of substance abuse in adolescents. The study was conducted on 410 male and female adolescents, students of 10 th to 12 th class from the four intermediate schools of south delhi is taken. The highest use of Smoking (88.1) is prevalent, followed by the Alcohol (75.6) and tobacco chewing (61.4). The least use is mostly cocaine, morphine, cough syrup and depressants. There are many who are subject to substance use. However 16 percent of them have tried once and majority of around 43 percent of them are the present users of one of these substances. The study is indicative of need for working closely with the law enforcing personnel to stop the free supply of these substances at school and developing a supportive environment involving both parents and teachers so that adolescents can decide and sustain with the right choices for healthy life.
Study of the Land Surface Temperature (LST) of Patna District, Bihar (2001–2021)
This study presents a comprehensive assessment of Land Surface Temperature (LST) dynamics in Patna district (Bihar, India) over the 21-year period 2001–2021 using satellite remote sensing. We outline a reproducible workflow for retrieving LST from Landsat thermal bands (Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM+, and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS), performing spatio-temporal trend analysis, and relating LST changes to land cover dynamics and urban expansion. The manuscript details preprocessing steps, atmospheric correction, emissivity estimation from NDVI, and statistical trend detection (Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope). Example tables and figure placeholders are provided so the paper can be completed with processed data and maps. The methods adhere to standards commonly used in remote sensing LST studies and are presented to allow reproducible submission-ready results once data processing is executed.
A CASE STUDY OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN AMAVATA
The terms Ama and Vata are combined to form Amavata. Agni derangements, suchas Jatharagni, Dhatvagni, Bhutagni, etc., are frequently the cause of the illness. Thisleads to the production of Ama, which circulates throughout the body viavitiatedVata and is positioned in the Shleshmasthana (Amashaya, Asthisandhi, etc.), causing pain, stiffness, and swelling over both small and large joints, ultimatelyrendering a person lame. Based on their shared medical characteristics, Amavata'sscientific presentation closely resembles the distinct spectrumof rheumatological problems known as rheumatoid arthritis. A persistent inflammatory, unfavourable, and deforming symmetrical polyarthritis with systemic involvement is calledrheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Two Decades of Cosmetics Buying Among Indian Women: A Behavioral Review (2000–2015)
Between 2000 and 2015, India's cosmetic industry witnessed robust growth, driven by rising disposable incomes, urbanization, and evolving beauty ideals. Indian women's cosmetic buying behavior was significantly shaped by socio-cultural pressures, particularly the preference for fair skin, which was equated with beauty and social success. This cultural bias led to the widespread popularity of fairness creams like Fair & Lovely. Impulse buying also played a substantial role, with store ambiance and sensory cues enhancing unplanned purchases. Marketing strategies, especially celebrity endorsements and aspirational messaging, increased brand loyalty among women, particularly in urban centers like Pune. Socio-demographic factors—age, marital status, income, and education—further influenced preferences, with younger and unmarried women showing higher purchasing frequency and brand consciousness. Though interest in natural and organic cosmetics began emerging, widespread adoption was limited. Simultaneously, the increasing availability of digital reviews and beauty blogs began to shift information-seeking behavior, laying the groundwork for a more informed, connected consumer base.
Relation between Energy gap and refractive index for Alklai Halides and II-VI and III-V Group Compound Semiconductors
In the present study we have studied the variation between the energy gap and refractive index of the material using the relations given by Moss and ravindra et.al[9]. The two most interesting optical properties of semiconductors are the absorption edge, or optical energy gap, and the refractive index. It is therefore natural that attempts have been made to find a general relationship between these parameters, both from the point of view of fundamentals interest and also as a technological aid in estimating the refractive index if only the energy gap is known. The first proposal was made by Moss[10] on very general grounds that all energy level in a solid are scaled down by a factor(1/ɛ2∞),where ɛ∞=n2 is the optical dielectric constant.
Lepidopteran floral visitors as documented at an agro-ecosystem near Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
Insects visit flowers for nectar and pollen and in turn act as pollinators. Amongst pollinators, key role is played by lepidopteran insects.Ideally, pollination investigations are necessary in each general locality where crop is grown and the present study was therefore planned to study the diversity and rhythmicity of lepidopteran insects visiting different crops in an agro-ecosystem at Bikaner. The crops cultivated in the field during the study period comprised of ornamental plant marigold (Compositae or Asteraceae), cucumber, bottle gourd, ridged gourd, pumpkin (Cucurbitaceae), coriander (Umbellifareae or Apiaceae), mustard (Brassicaceae) and brinjal (Solanaceae).In all 14 lepidopteran representatives of 10 families were documented to visit different flowers during the course of study.
Harshwardhan Bhardwaj & Meera Srivastava
A PROSPECTIVE CLINICAL AUDIT TO COMPARE THE EFFECTS OF TWO PERIPHERAL INTRAVENOUS CATHETER (PIVC) SECUREMENT DEVICES ON THE INCIDENCE OF PIVC FAILURE
Background: Over 60% of all hospitalized patients require peripheral venous (PVC). catheterization. Reported failure rates, or unscheduled restarts, range from 33% to 69%. Reliable securement of PVCs is an important factor in its maintenance. The aim of the study is to compare the effects of transparent polyurethane dressing and adhesive dry dressing at peripheral intravenous catheter insertion site on the incidence of PIVC failure Methods: A quantitative approach with a comparative observational study design was adopted in this study. The study was conducted in the medicine wards of a tertiary care hospital. Simple random sampling was used, the sample size was 180, with 90 in each arm. One group got transparent polyurethane dressing and the other adhesive dressing. They were monitored for 72 hours and the site was observed for five days or till discharge. Results: The study revealed that there was no statistical significant difference between the two securement devices ie., transparent polyurethane and adhesives on PIVC failure at 0.05 level of significance. Hence both securement devices can be used for securing the PIVC insertion site and both are equally effective in prevention of PIVC failure. Conclusion: Hence both securement devices can be used for securing the PIVC insertion site and both are equally effective in prevention of PIVC failure. Although not significant, transparent polyurethane was better in terms of identifying PIVC failure. Hence nurses need to follow the protocols correctly, use securement devises appropriately and be proactive in prevention of PIVC failure.
Walton M1, Tanya J2, Chandrika PM3, Sancta M, Cresentia B, Sunnu P, Beena K, Pramaja J, Rosalin J.
MODERN MANAGEMENT OF FUNGAL KERATITIS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF DIAGNOSTICS, DRUGS, AND DILEMMAS
Fungal keratitis is a severe and an ever-rising ocular infection that is a critical sight-threatening condition that may be found mostly in developing nations in a warm and humid climate. It usually occurs after corneal injuries with organic substance and develops very fast unless it is diagnosed and treated early enough. Fungal cornea infection is associated with less apparent and unpredictable symptoms as compared with bacterial keratitis hence distinguishing the conditions clinically is difficult. In addition, confirmation of the diseased condition at the laboratory level may take much time because of lack of resources or access to modern diagnostic equipment. This leads to poor management on an empirical basis and to poor clinical outcomes. Management of fungal keratitis is complex, as many factors contribute to adverse clinical outcomes; inherently poor corneal penetrating ability of many antifungals, the delay in diagnosis and the emergence of resistance by some fungal species being the most important. Natamycin is the treatment of choice of filamentous fungi, but is slowly being replaced by voriconazole due to increased spectrum and improved penetration into the intraocular space. These, however, do not help effectively in deep stromal infections. Non-responsive or advanced cases require the use of adjunctive treatments e.g. intracameral/intrastromal administration of antifungal fluids, and surgical procedures such as therapeutic keratoplasty. The postprocedural infection leading to graft failure still represents one of the significant clinical challenges, and the paper will offer an exhaustive overview of the available methods of the diagnostic process such as microbiological stains, culture, PCR, and in vivo confocal microscopy, as well as conduct an assessment of the current treatment alternatives in pharmacological and surgical contexts. It also brings to notice the emerging trends in antifungal treatment and drug delivery methods including nanogels and ocular inserts which promise better outcomes. Low-resource only issues such as late presentation, financial pediments, and non-qualified workers are dealt with. The study points out the necessity of early diagnosis, uniform procedures, better access of any diagnostics, and the use of new techniques to minimize the number of fungal keratitis in the world.
Pollution’s Impact on Aquatic Animal Physiology
This study investigates the multifaceted physiological impacts of pollution on aquatic animals, focusing on how various pollutants disrupt vital biological systems. Aquatic ecosystems, increasingly threatened by anthropogenic contaminants such as heavy metals, organic pollutants, microplastics, excess nutrients, and thermal discharge, serve as sensitive indicators of environmental health. Using both freshwater fish (Cyprinus carpio) and marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) as model organisms, the study examines changes in biochemical, histological, and behavioral parameters under controlled exposure to pollutants. Findings reveal that cadmium significantly reduces hemoglobin levels and enzymatic activity while increasing mortality and behavioral abnormalities. Microplastic exposure leads to digestive tissue damage, feeding inhibition, and cellular instability. Combined nitrate and heat stress elevate blood glucose, damage gill structures, and reduce survival rates, highlighting the compounded effects of multiple pollutants. The study utilized standardized assays and histopathological analysis to identify stress biomarkers that can serve as early indicators of pollution exposure. Results underscore the urgent need for regulatory action and ecological management strategies to mitigate pollutant discharge into aquatic habitats. The research contributes to a deeper understanding of the toxicological mechanisms through which pollutants affect aquatic fauna and offers practical insights for environmental monitoring, conservation planning, and policy formulation aimed at sustaining aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem functionality.
A 63yrs old female patient came to the surgical OPD with complains of abdominal swelling for one year duration that was gradually progressive, mainly in the upper abdomen. She also complained of loss of appetite. Abdominal examination revealed a diffuse intraperitoneal mass extending from the epigastrium up to the umbilical region. Radiological examination confirmed a huge intraperitoneal tumor displacing bowelloops. At laparotomy, apart from huge mass arising from transverse MESOCOLON, multiple such masses were found on either sides of it and were excised. Histopathology revealed them to be well differentiated Liposarcoma. Patient was then referred to oncologist for further treatment.
PROF. K. SIVA PRAKASAM M.S., SRI MUTHUKUMARAN DR. JAI VINOD KUMAR M.S., SRI MUTHUKUMARAN
Prosthodontic Rehabilitation of a patient with Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome: a rare case report
Progeria is a rare genetic disease where symptoms resembling aspects of aging are manifested at an early age. Characteristic clinical findings of Progeria include abnormalities of the skin and hair in conjunction with characteristic facial features and skeletal abnormalities. The findings that are nearly interested in dentistry are delayed dentition, anodontia, hypodontia, or crowding of teeth. Psychological trauma is common in such patients because of the societal alienation they often face; hence, the successful completion of any treatment modality in such patients is affected by how well the Prosthodontist handles their psychological condition. This report follows the Prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient suffering from Hutchinson Gilford progeria syndrome with congenital anodontia , keeping special attention on psychological behaviour. Rehabilitation of such a compromised complete denture patient in a conventional manner possess many challenges. To overcome these challenges certain modifications in treatment procedure and materials used were made to fulfil the patient’s functional, esthetic and psychological demands.
Dr Deshraj Jain,Dr. Anshu Gautam, Dr. Nishant Agrawal, Dr. Sandhya Jain,